Talking about the quartz family (Figure)
In the mineral world, quartz is the most widely distributed mineral on the surface. Since ancient times, it has been closely related to human life. In ancient times, people used meteorites as weapons for hunting or defense; with the evolution of the times, quartz played a more important role in our lives, such as glass, refractory materials, optical fibers, semiconductor materials, oscillators, abrasive materials, and decoration. Products, etc., are just a few examples of people using quartz. In the past few years, the crystal heat at home and abroad has brought the mysterious characteristics of the quartz family and the therapeutic effect of magnetic fields to another peak.
The main chemical component of quartz is silica (SiO2), which is an important rock-forming mineral. Due to its strong weathering resistance, the fine sand on the beach often contains a large amount of quartz with a hardness of 7, with glass luster, shell-like fracture and pressure. The electrical properties, specific gravity of 2.65, belong to the hexagonal system, which are common physicochemical properties of the quartz family.
Quartz is often produced in the form of aggregates in the form of aggregates and is granular or massive. However, in the cracks or holes, transparent hexagonal columnar crystals can also be found, and horizontal stripes often appear on the crystal cylinder surface. Quartz has a good crystal called crystal, usually composed of a hexagonal column and a rhombohedron. More specifically, some crystals are made up of hexagonal columns and upper and lower rhomboids or only two sets of rhombohedrons. We call them double-headed crystals. The double-headed crystal produced in the Herkimer region of New York, USA is the most famous, and it has the nickname "Herkimer diamond" because of its crystal clear, lustrous and dazzling.
Quartz family members (we call them subspecies or varieties), according to the degree of crystallization, can be divided into two major categories of crystalline and cryptocrystalline. The former includes Rock crystal, A methyst, Citrine, Smoky quartz, Rose quartz, and the latter has Agate and Chalcedony. , meteorite (white called Chert; black called Flint), jasper (Jasper, containing a lot of hematite). Further, Tridymite and Cristobalite formed at a high temperature and Stishovite and Coesite formed under a high pressure state are all isomorphs of quartz. The discovery of coesite near many craters is a testament to the fact that the surface has been hit by ultra-high speed of meteorites.
Looking at the color of the mineral, it is mainly related to the components it contains, but the impurities contained in it also have a great influence. Therefore, the same mineral, often with multiple colors, the quartz family is a typical example. Quartz is colorless and often presents a variety of colors due to the presence of trace amounts of metal ions. For example, the purple color of amethyst contains positive ferric ions; the pink color of rose quartz is caused by a trace amount of titanium ions; the natural smoke crystal is the result of aluminum ions replacing silicon ions and long-term exposure to low radioactive environment. It is worth mentioning that it is in the commercially available quartz family specimens.
There are many colors that are masterpieces after manual processing. For example, many colorful agates are dyed; when we heat the amethyst to 550 °C, its color will change from purple to yellow. Therefore, citrine, which is originally rare and expensive, is likely to be It is heated by amethyst; smoke black to dark brown smoke crystals are common in granite or pegmatite granite, mainly because these rocks contain more radioactive uranium and thorium. Similarly, if the white crystal is irradiated by artificial radiation, it may become smoke crystal.
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