Textile multifunctional composite finishing technology

At present, multi-functional composite finishing enables textile products to develop in a deeper and higher-grade direction, which not only overcomes the shortcomings of textiles themselves, but also imparts versatility to textiles. Multi-functional composite finishing is a technique of combining two or more functions into one textile to improve the grade and added value of the product. This technology has been used more and more in the finishing of cotton, wool, silk, chemical fiber, composite and blended fabrics. For example: anti-wrinkle non-scalding / enzymatic washing composite finishing, anti-wrinkle non-scaling / decontamination composite finishing, anti-wrinkle non-scaling / anti-staining composite finishing, so that the fabric adds a new function on the basis of anti-wrinkle and non-iron; Fiber with anti-UV and anti-bacterial function, can be used as swimwear, mountaineering suit and T-shirt fabric; waterproof, moisture-permeable, anti-bacterial fiber, can be used for comfortable underwear; with anti-ultraviolet, anti-infrared and anti-bacterial functions (cool, antibacterial Type of fiber, can be used for high-performance sportswear, casual wear and so on. At the same time, the application of nano-materials to the composite finishing of various functions of pure cotton or cotton/chemical fiber blended fabrics is also a future development trend.

Cotton fabric multi-functional composite finishing technology

With the improvement of textile formaldehyde limit standards, low formaldehyde and formaldehyde-free finishing agents and finishing methods have always been the hotspot of textile anti-wrinkle finishing research. Polycarboxylic acids represented by butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and citric acid (CA), and long-chain polycarboxylic acid systems are the most resistant anti-crease finishing agents for N-methylolamides. These finishes are formaldehyde free and achieve a good durability press (DP) rating. However, the polycarboxylic acid finishing agent also has certain disadvantages, such as high catalyst price; easy to pollute the environment; it will cause color change of some sulphur dyes and reactive dyes; and the residual carboxyl groups on the finished products will reduce the dyeing rate of anionic dyes. And the wet rubbing fastness of the cationic dye dyeing is poor. Chitosan is similar to cellulose in its molecular structure and contains no formaldehyde. It can be used as a permanent finishing agent to make the fabric washable and rub-resistant, have a fixing and reinforcing effect, improve the fastness of the fabric, reduce the shrinkage rate, and The fabric has a smooth, smooth and crisp appearance and feel. Chitosan also has broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, and has obvious inhibitory effects on the growth of various bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Therefore, chitosan can also be used for antibacterial and anti-mold finishing of fabrics. Since the relative molecular weight of the commercially available chitosan is large, the elastic recovery angle of the fabric after the chitosan finishing is not increased, the hand feels hard, the cloth surface is yellowed, and the wettability is lowered. After the shell polyadhesive is degraded, the relative molecular weight becomes smaller, the penetrating power is enhanced, and the antibacterial property is improved.

Wool fabric multi-functional composite finishing technology The directional friction effect caused by the wool scale layer structure makes the wool fabric produce a large felting during washing. Resin finishing is to deposit the polymer on the surface of the wool fiber to cover the scale layer, so as to reduce the backward friction difference of the wool fiber, thereby achieving the purpose of washing and shrinking. The action of the resin also allows for the presence of bonding points between the fibers to hinder the mutual movement of the fibers. Bayer's Synthappret BAP is the most widely used to achieve machine washable shrink-proofing agents by resin treatment alone. From the perspective of the resin structure, the role of the epoxy tree type is not to change the surface structure of the wool fiber, but to crosslink with the scales, thereby wrapping the edges of the scales to obtain a good anti-felting effect. Polyurethane resin is currently the most commonly used one in anti-felting finishing. Foreign brands have BAP and WAR, but they are expensive. The shrinkage prevention of such a heat-reactive polyurethane reduces the directional friction effect of the fiber surface and prevents the mutual movement between the fibers. The use of a separate resin treatment method, in line with the IWS machine washable standard, can greatly improve the wear resistance and pilling of the fabric, and improve the dimensional stability of the fabric, but the hand feel is poor.

Water-repellent and oil-repellent finishing utilizes the characteristics of the surface of fluoride to form a molecular barrier on the surface of the fabric to prevent the wetting of water and various oils and dirt. Even if water or oil remains on the surface of the fabric, it is liquid. Easy to remove. A fluorine-based compound is used to form a film on the surface of the woven fabric to change the surface tension of the fabric, so that water and oil are difficult to wet on the surface, thereby achieving the effect of oil repellency and water repellency. At the same time, such auxiliaries can reduce the surface specific resistance of the fabric, thereby having a certain antistatic and dustproof effect. At present, the domestic market has FC-5101 and FC-5102 produced by American 3M Company, which is suitable for high-grade woolen fabrics.

Silk multi-functional composite finishing technology

The silk waterproofing finishing of the original silk used in the past is a silicone type waterproofing agent. Although the processing cost is low, the waterproof effect and durability are not good, and the oilproof performance is not provided. With the development of organic fluorine chemistry and the reduction of product cost, organic fluororesin is used to repel water and oil repellency of silk. After the silk is finished with the organic fluororesin, the hydrophobic and oleophobic fluoroalkyl groups are arranged intensively on the surface of the fiber and directed toward the air layer, thereby exhibiting excellent water repellency, oil repellency and antifouling properties. If it is compounded with a Srires DINF cross-linking agent (containing an isocyanate structure) or an N-methylol-based resin or a melamine resin, excellent durability and water repellency and oil repellency can be obtained, and at the same time, crease resistance and pilling resistance can be obtained. Features.

Multi-functional composite finishing technology of chemical fiber fabric

Wool-like fabrics: Although the organic conductive filament-like wool fabrics do not exhibit active ash absorption, if the organic conductive filament strips are spaced apart and are in a dry, dusty environment, gray strips are prone to occur. Hao Xinmin et al., taking the polyester filament yarn like Maojungang as an example, studied the multi-functional finishing technology of dust-proof, easy-decontamination and anti-wrinkle on wool-like fabrics containing organic conductive filaments. The antistatic agent used by them is PTM-01, whose chemical composition is a compound of a polyester polyether compound and a polymer hydrophilic polymer, and the molecule contains an ester structure similar to polyester. In the heat treatment process, one end of the antistatic agent molecule is embedded in the polyester molecule, and is firmly combined with the polyester to form a eutectic or eutectic. In the same type of antistatic agent, its durability is better, especially comfortable with chemical fiber wool-like fabric, which can reduce the surface resistance of fabric by 5 orders of magnitude, giving the fabric good anti-fouling, easy decontamination and hydrophilic properties, making chemical fiber The fabric has good comfort. The antistatic agent can effectively solve the local contamination of the organic conductive fiber filaments, and has little influence on the color fastness of the finished product. PTM-01 is a non-ionic compound with good compatibility. It can be used in combination with other auxiliaries as needed. Generally, it can be combined with amino silicone oil or hydrophilic silicone to achieve multi-functional effect according to the final soft anti-wrinkle requirement. .

Suede suede: It is made of fine polyester fiber suede with hydrophobicity and certain lipophilicity. It is easy to be contaminated with oil and has static electricity. The specific resistance is above 1014CΩ·m, the friction voltage is above 1000V, and the half-life can reach several. Hours, and have a certain adsorption of dry dirt. This is mainly due to the fact that when the polyester fiber is rubbed, the free electrons on the surface continuously circulate through the interface of the object. For the poor conductor of the electron-polyester and polyester microfiber, due to their poor hygroscopicity, large specific surface area, it is extremely easy. With static electricity. In order to make the suede look like natural suede in terms of appearance and feel, it can impart oil repellency, water repellency, antifouling, antistatic and flame retardant functions through various finishing processes, thereby increasing the added value of the product. The antistatic agent used should be compatible with other auxiliaries, especially flame retardants.

Chen Qiu et al. used Ciba polytetrafluoroethylene (50-60g/L) for “three-proof” finishing. The process flow is: padding finishing liquid→pre-baking→setting (160-165°C, 30s)→finished product. After finishing, the suede has better oil repellency, water repellency and antifouling function. They use a durable antistatic agent (30g / L) and a combustion improver FRG-1 (150g / L), applied to the surface of the fiber to make it have a certain water absorption, thereby playing an antistatic role, while having a good flame retardant Performance, its flame retardant, dripping and oxygen limit index have reached international standards.

Blended, interwoven, composite fabric multi-functional composite finishing technology

Silk/cotton interwoven (composite) silk fabric: Silk and cotton have good moisture absorption, breathability and wearing comfort, but their anti-wrinkle performance is poor. Yang Qifen et al. used an organic fluororesin to finish the silk/cotton interwoven (composite) silk fabric, and the finishing agent used was SRIPROOFWORF. If the finishing agent is combined with SRIRES DINF cross-linking agent or N-methylol-based resin or melamine resin, excellent durability and water repellency, oil repellency, crease resistance and pilling resistance, and fabric can be obtained. The color and breathability are basically unchanged. The organic fluororesin WORF and the cross-linking agent DINF were used to arrange the silk/cotton composite silk interwoven silk. The base finishing agent, the cross-linking agent concentration and the baking temperature had a great influence on the finishing effect. The preferred water-repellent and oil-repellent multi-functional finishing process is as follows: the concentration of the finishing agent is 40-45 g/L, the concentration of the crosslinking agent is 5-6 g/L, and the baking temperature is 165-170 °C.

Canopy fabric: Ma Xiaoguang and other composite finishing technology, developed a multi-functional new tarpaulin with anti-near-infrared detection function, and integrates waterproof, moisture permeable, flame retardant oil resistance and weather resistance. Through a large number of experiments, they finally determined the color matching system of paints and dyes. The visible near-infrared reflectance spectrum curve is very similar to chlorophyll. The difference is between the upper and lower limits of the allowable deviation. It has good near-infrared reflection performance and can be used as near-infrared. Detect special pigments. The waterproofing agent adopts AG-710, which has good water repellency and can give the fabric a good hand feeling, and can make the fabric have good gas permeability and durability. The flame retardant is selected from the special flame retardant for polyester/cotton fabric developed by Tianjin University of Technology, which has good compatibility with its finishing agent. The coating agent is selected from a modified polyacrylate-based coating agent SPA-1 having moisture permeability. The process flow is: fabric → dyeing → padding flame retardant → drying → calendering → rolling → front coating → drying → winding → instead coating → drying → padding waterproofing agent → drying → baking .

Polyester/cotton cut pile carpet: Researchers at the American Southern Research Center used polycarboxylic acid anti-crease finishing agents such as butane tetracarboxylic acid, citric acid and maleic acid to treat flame-retardant polyester-cotton cut pile carpets, but if the cut pile density is low, The carpet will burn when it is ignited. Cellulose fibers have good flame retardancy after esterification. The new method uses a 5%-10% polycarboxylic acid and a suitable catalyst, such as a partially neutralized salt of sodium hypophosphite, sodium phosphate or phosphoric acid, which is applied to the carpet to achieve a satisfactory flame retardant effect. It has been found that polyester-cotton cut velvet carpets can achieve flame retardancy over a wide pH range; while under weakly acidic conditions, carpets do not change color; butane tetracarboxylic acid works best, but under suitable conditions citric acid and Maleic acid also has a good effect.

Protective clothing fabrics: The SARS protective clothing developed and put into production by the PLA General Armament Equipment Research Institute is the most representative, that is, the polyurethane (PIFE) microporous film is coated with hydrophilic polyurethane (PURs). It is made into a coated laminated composite fabric with functions of flame retardancy, antistatic and sterilization.

The development of various functional polyurethanes is of great significance for improving fabric comfort and enhancing fabric functionality. It is waterproof and permeable to polyurethane, and it can also impart other special functions to the fabric. For example, ceramic powder is added to improve the thermal insulation property of the fabric; ceramics also have the function of absorbing ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, etc., after coating, can be made into a deodorant waterproof and moisture permeable fabric; adding chitin and cellulose powder, etc. It not only improves the moisture permeability of the fabric, but also has the functions of insecticide and sterilization. If nano-sized functional particles are added, the composite function of antibacterial, anti-UV and anti-counterfeiting can be imparted to the fabric.

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